Elk Grove Unified School District v. Newdow (2004)

Case: Michael Newdow sued for infringement of his daughter's right to free speech, citing the Pledge of Allegiance's reference to "under God," which she recited in class each morning.

Arguments: Newdow claimed the words "under God" infringed on First Amendment rights and breached the separation of church and state, while the defense argued that the pledge couldn't be defined as prayer.