Updated: August 25, 2011
Earthquakes shake our planet frequently as the tectonic planets of the Earth's crust shift and rub together when energy is released from the core. Geological scientists study the plate movement, or seismic activity around the globe, measuring the magnitude with the Richter scale.These measurements, determined by a seismogram, convey the size of quakes based on a scale of 10, while also providing information that will help scientists predict quakes in the future. The most devastating quakes occur when the epicenter of the seismic activity combines with a high magnitude causing the surface of the crust to shake, or rupture, damaging the landscape and buildings on and around it. A tremor that measures 6.0 or higher, is considered "strong," but a 5.0 will damage a poorly constructed building. If the epicenter of the Earthquake is under the ocean, this can lead to waves or a tsunami.
Some areas are more prone to these natural disasters than others. Areas with geological fault lines, the areas where tectonic plates, or fractured rocks meet, move when energy is released from the core. Faults can have multiple fractures due to the activity under the Earth's surface, so these areas are called fault zones.
To learn more about the science of earthquakes, explore the items below.
Video: Earthquake Early Warning Systems
Scientists in California recommend a system similar to Japan's early warning alarm.
Guide: What to Do During an Earthquake
Find out how to be safe in an earthquake with these tips from FEMA.
Disaster Relief
After hearing about the catastrophic consequences of natural disasters, find ways to help those in need.
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