November is Native American Heritage Month—an opportunity to celebrate the rich and diverse cultures, languages and traditions that have existed within Native American communities for millennia. It’s a time to honor the wisdom in the belief in the profound connection between ancestors, animals and the earth. A time to explore Native American artists, musicians and writers. And a time to remember those who have given their lives to build and protect the United States.
This month is also a chance to discuss and reflect on a grim history—a rapid decline in population and land, and institutionalized stripping away of culture, which has led to severe socioeconomic issues on reservations across the country. And though Native Americans continue to struggle to have rights protected and ancestral land preserved, they are more empowered and united with fellow citizens than ever in their resolve to peacefully demonstrate for those rights. Something worth celebrating, right?
Are you familiar with Native American history? Take the quiz and test your knowledge.
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History of Native Americans and its impact on American culture.
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True or False: Conflict between early European settlers and Native Americans occurred largely because they each possessed drastically opposing world views.
European culture was materialistic, with an emphasis on owning and using land for economic benefit. Native Americans, though vastly different from one another across territories, lived in a reciprocal relationship with the land, as opposed to possessing it.
Many European settlers saw Native Americans and their way of life as:
Due to differences in appearance, language, clothing, culture and traditions, Native Americans were thought by many settlers to be inferior. The next few hundred years would see a severe eradication of the Native American population and their culture.
The Marshall Decision made by the U.S. Supreme Court in 1823 ruled that:
Prior to the Marshall Decision, Native Americans had generally been considered a sovereign nation, able to make treaties regarding land European settlers were anxious to develop.
True or False: In 1830, President Andrew Jackson signed the Indian Removal Act into law, which authorized the president to give away Native American land.
Under Jackson’s Indian Removal Policy, the United States government forced Native Americans off ancestral lands. This included the Cherokee who, despite attempts to assimilate, were marched westward in The Trail of Tears during which 4,000 perished.
In 1860, the Bureau of Indian Affairs established the first of many “Indian Boarding Schools,” a system which:
Boarding schools aimed to “civilize” and assimilate Native American children into the United States’ mainstream culture, though, for over a century, served to destroy many aspects of Native American culture and the lives of students through sexual, psychological and physical abuse suffered at the schools.
The Dawes Act of 1887 gave the President of The United States authorization to:
After the Dawes Act, economically struggling Native Americans had little choice but to sell off their allotments to non-Native people looking to capitalize on farming and ranching opportunities. As a result of this and other policies, in just twenty years, Native Americans went from holding 155 million acres of land to just 77 million.
Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 was intended to
Under Franklin Delano Roosevelt’s New Deal, Indian Commissioner, John Collier was dedicated to providing with restoring Native American culture and providing opportunities.
True or False. The Washington Redskins football team name and mascot honors the Native American Ancestors that once lived in the area.
False. The term “Redskins” is a racial slur used against Native American peoples since the 1800s. The name was adopted in 1932 by the team’s owner, segregationist George Preston Marshall. Over the last quarter century, however, dozens of teams at all levels have dropped the name and other offensive mascots featuring a Native American caricature.
The 1968 Indian Civil Rights Act:
The termination policy of the ’50s and ’60s left many tribes’ sovereignty in the hands of states. It was not until the Termination Act was terminated in 1988 that civil rights were granted to all tribes.
8 out of 9
Made a 6 out of 9
i got 8 out of 9
i got 6 of 9 its a ok score
So did I